Did you see the light turn yellow?
How long does this light stay yellow?
Is this the first of a sequence of timed lights?
Is the intersection photo-enforced?
Can you enter the intersection before the light turns red?
Will speeding up get you into the intersection
before the light turns red, or after?
Do you carry comprehensive insurance?
If a collision ensues, will you be at fault?
I doubt you will find a mathematical proof that is usable in actual
traffic, but a statistical approach might be usefully informative.Have you measured the total possible minimum and maximum wait times for all light combinations over some of your usual trips? (Hint: get your friends to do the field work.) How do the "all red" and "all green" times compare proportional to the total trip time? What are the chances that waiting for one yellow light will increase the typical total trip time?
If none of that convinces you to wait for traffic lights, then take the MSF (Motorcycle Safety Foundation) course, buy a small motorcycle, and report back after a year of riding in traffic. The experience may give you a different perspective.
You're asking the wrong question. A better question would be, "is the risk of a collision worth the time saved?"
There's an aspect of this scenario you're not considering. If you speed into the intersection before the light turns red, you're legal, but other drivers may not realize that the fact their light is now green doesn't mean it's safe to proceed. Other aggressive drivers might jump into the intersection as soon as their light is green and collide with you. It happens regularly, whenever two aggressive drivers meet.
Driver A sees the yellow light and speeds up instead of stopping. He gets into the intersection just as the light turns red. He's legal.
Driver B sees the green and jumps into the intersection, before noticing that you're only halfway through. He's also legal.
Both drivers have acted legally, are "in the right", but both might be dead right.