Unless I'm very much mistaken, this does not implement "no shared state between threads/processes/whatever", which I consider a bare-minimum requirement to actually have Erlang.

You can try to discipline yourself to use such a philosophy anyhow, but Python is going to be one of the worst places to try that. It is mutable to its core, which is one of the reasons it is cool, but doesn't lend itself to this approach very well.