"Its pretty well accepted that one of the hardest things in building stuff with computers is naming things so that humans can understand whats going on." -- Hum... that's pushing it a little bit isn't it? :P

Regardless, I think what you're looking for is commonly known as "naming conventions": http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naming_convention_%28programmin... - I would suggest googling "naming conventions for <insert your language of choice>" as a starting point. From there, if you have more questions, feel free to ask :)