Lorentz violation at high energy [astro-ph/0505267]
arxiv.org
arxiv.org
IANAP, but here goes. Lorentz symmetry states that the laws of physics are the same for all observers in non-accelerating frames of reference. It is an axiom of special relativity. Finding that it can be/has been broken brings on all kinds of new physics and ways to test them.
If you understand this, feel free to jump in with a real explanation. :-)