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If you have some technical savvy, try http://extundelete.sourceforge.net/ for ext3/4 filesystems, http://ntfsundelete.com/ for NTFS.

If you're using something other than than one of those two filesystems, you should probably know how to handle this yourself.

You left out HFS+, OS X's file system.

However, Dropbox on OS X has a cache file at ~/Dropbox/.dropbox.cache – so if OP uses a Mac, chances are he won't need an undelete utility.