1. Unneeded regulation.
2. Power structures in industry.
3. Complex and expensive commercialization processes.
4. Lack of funding, lack of long term funding.
5. Market acceptance.
6. Lack of entrepreneurial talent and general talent in the relevant field.
In this context, small sustaining innovations tend to produced more than radical innovations.
It is the real answer why we cannot get enough women early on in the STEM pipeline.
It is the real answer why technology workers have not-very satisfying careers in the West.
Society treats them as lepers here. Whereas in the rest of the world they are highly esteemed members of the society.
We will still be talking about the low headcount of women in technology as long as its quite apparent that the likes of a sneaker maker like Isabel Marant or an editor like Anna Wintour are more esteemed in society than any living woman in any field that is remotely scientific or mathematical.