I've done a bit of digging and if you look at the RAKBANK prepaid portal [0] you can see the service is powered by ECS which is based in India [1], with offices in the US, UAE and Singapore.

Not sure about the other one, the bank of Muscat site is a bit crap, didn't find mention of the processor in the T&Cs or description of the cards [2].

[0] https://www.rakbankprepaidcard.ae/CustomerPortal/WebPages/Lo... [1] http://www.electracard.com/contact-us.php [2] http://www.bankmuscat.com/cards/prepaidmain.shtml