In 1927 Ferdinand Buisson (France) and Ludwig Quidde (Germany) shared it "for contributions to Franco-German popular reconciliation".
In 1973 Henry Kissinger (US) and Le Duc Tho (North Vietnam) shared it for the cease fire of the Vietnam war.
In 1978 Anwar Saddat (Egypt) and Menachem Begin (Israel) shared it for the Camp David accords.
In 1993 Nelson Mandela and Frederik Willem de Klerk (South Africa) shared it for the end of apartheid
In 1994 Yasser Arafat (Palestine), Yitzhak Rabin, and Shimon Peres (Israel) shared it for...well, bringing peace between Israel and Palestine, except that hasn't exactly happened yet.
The Peace Prize has always been somewhat aspirational - it's a way not only to reward accomplishments toward world peace, but also to shame & goad people in power into working toward a more peaceful world. Obama's prize was very much in that vein: it sent the signal "We like where you're going, so you better keep it up and live up to the award you just won." There's nothing contradictory about giving it to his opponents as well.
> The obituary stated, Le marchand de la mort est mort ("The merchant of death is dead")[1] and went on to say, "Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became rich by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday."[11] Alfred was disappointed with what he read and concerned with how he would be remembered.