No, they were just used mainly for navigation. The reason why the Mercator projection was popular for so long is that its angles correspond to compass points and you navigate by a trivial algorithm:
1. Draw a line to your destination on the map and determine its angle with the north, say 25 degrees north-east.
2. Set your course at 25 degrees north-east and keep it constant. Your will arrive to your destination by a rhumb line [1], which is only slightly less efficient than a great circle.