To be fair, the c++ programmer can also use reference semantics via pointers. Granted, garbage collection is not built into the language, but if desired, we can always write java-style code by using pointers for everything and using the Boehm collector. I don't know why we don't do this more often, most c++ codebases seem to have large sections that would benefit from such a style.

But when we want to use value semantics, for whatever reason, the more complicated value copy is, to some extent, just intrinsically complicated. In java, Object.clone basically has all of the same problems -- you sort of know what you'd like it to do for any given object in any given context, but you've got to read code to figure out what is actually going to happen.