I recently discovered that my Sharkoon USB to SATA dock (old version, USB2) corrupts data. It happens under both Linux and Windows and seems to only depend on the disk used. All the newer HDDs I tried are affected. For all test files larger than 256 MiB (or less, don't remember exactly) the checksums were off.
Disk corruption can be hard to detect under Linux because of the disk cache. Remember to drop it before testing backups.