Reposting the configuration settings:

    Incoming IMAP
        Server: imap-mail.outlook.com
        Server port: 993
        Encryption: SSL
    Outgoing SMTP
        Server: smtp-mail.outlook.com
        Server port: 587
        Encryption:  TLS

For anyone on Android having trouble setting up the outgoing SMTP settings on their mail account like I was: set the security type to STARTTLS instead of SSL/TLS.