For those running Linux, it's easy to change the font size of GTK+ and QT programs, which affect on all major apps on the system. That combined with browsers' zoomability makes it possible to get by... though yes, I do have to concede, it doesn't top Windows' magnifying glass. Maybe a nice Wayland WM will get there some day. We'll have to wait and see.
In the mean time, it is amusing to be working in the lab and have my coworkers be able to read the screen from halfway across the room...
For those of you who are curious, this is the font size that I'm comfortable at: http://i.imgur.com/O7tTskY.png
Agree with all your points. It's ironic that most of the coping/adjusting I do happens away from the computer. E.g. because I don't drive, I have to live in a city with reasonable public transport and have to depend on friends for shopping trips, etc. Maybe that's one reason why I like my job as a CS grad student: because I can adjust for my weaknesses to play to my strengths.