past a certain size these hierarchies do not work, hence you break them down and then let them compete against each other.
look outside of software and see how humans have organised, what has worked and what not. the modern army is a great test bed for any form of team effort, they try out everything in large, controlled samples. one of the few organisations where management is a distinct set of skills you need to prove to have (officers, NCO, etc.).
strategy comes from the top, defines the goals, objectives. smaller teams then take those goals and have freedom to execute against them - but only in the how, not the when.
orchestration, synchronization of those teams is management, pure and simple.
leading by objectives. then measuring the outcomes and defining what to do better the next time, executed in AARs (after action reviews). making sure the right things are done at the right time. removing obstacles, managing resources (hiring, etc.) - all of that is management.
capitalist societies still have management as well, it's called government, selected representatives to manage a country. difference to feudalism is rule of law and a process to elect people in the ruling structure.