Develop a bot to trawl NSFW sites and hash each image (combined with the 'skin detecting' algorithms detailed previously). Then compare the user uploaded image hash with those in the NSFW database.
This technique relies on the assumption that NSFW images that are spammed onto social media sites will use images that already exist on NSFW sites (or are very similar to). Then it simply becomes a case of pattern recognition, much like SoundHound for audio, or Google Image search.
It wouldn't reliably detect 'original' NSFW material, but given enough cock shots as source material, it could probably find a common pattern over time.
edit: I've just noticed rfusca in the OP suggests a similar method