The actual runtime is an ECMA spec (which has been unchanged since v2, as all MS has added since are implementation changes and more libraries). C# and the core parts of the runtime are under Microsoft's Community promise[1]. But you're right that MS could try to assert copyright over parts of the extended APIs, and some companies might be worried about that. OTOH the Oracle versus Google thing should alleviate a lot of concerns.
As far as F#, it's quite a bit more than a few small changes.
1: Writeup by Xamarin here: http://tirania.org/blog/archive/2009/Jul-06.html