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The Chinese population birth rate is currently far below replacement, so that makes sense.

I wonder how countries such as China will adapt to an aging population?

It looks like they will be in a difficult position 30-40 years out once the proportion of elderly grows.

Interesting... based on that graph the US is borderline below too (isn't the replacement rate something like 2.1 or close to it)?

Yes, replacement rate is about 2.2 per woman in my memory. The only reason its as high as it is is because of our relatively open immigration policy.