IEEE Guest Editors' Introduction: The Top Algorithms
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01. Metropolis Algorithm for Monte Carlo: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolis%E2%80%93Hastings_alg...
02. Simplex Method for Linear Programming: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplex_algorithm
03. Krylov Subspace Iteration Methods: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krylov_subspace
04. The Decompositional Approach to Matrix Computations: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=615766
05. The Fortran Optimizing Compiler : http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/fortran/ch1-1.html (just the starting page)
06. QR Algorithm for Computing Eigenvalues : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_algorithm
07. Quicksort Algorithm for Sorting : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort
08. Fast Fourier Transform : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_Fourier_transform
09. Integer Relation Detection : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_relation_algorithm
10. Fast Multipole Method : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_multipole_method
have fun !
John subsequently invented Risc architecture and supervised the construction of the first machine because his work with the compiler had led him to the conclusion that, for compilers, existing instruction sets were all wrong. It ultimately became the Power PC architecture.
John also won the Turing award for his many contributions to computer science which didn't exist as a field until long after he began. Or when I began for that matter. :-)
Cooley and Tukey invented the fast Fourier transform although I've read that Gauss had preceded them with little notice. When I was in school it was still called the Cooley-Tukey algorithm and considered a bit of a miracle. FFT rolled off the tongue a bit easier and supplanted the name. At that time the term Digital Signal Processing also remained in the future.
Wait, whaaaat?!?
As our intellectual property law trends more towards giving a single entity credit for any given invention, we have the IEEE saying that algorithms are essentially just a product of their times?