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Newer Cisco IOS versions (IOS XE for example) are running as a process in linux. Old IOSes were linux-based too. Don't mix up Cisco IOS with Apple iOS (which has roots in BSD).

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huh. I thought they were using a QNX based one on the new stuff.

Plain old IOS is a monolithic program and tends to be used in older routers and current small-to-medium routers & modern spins of older product lines.

IOS XR runs on QNX and tends to be used on routers in a carrier role.

IOS XE runs on Linux and tends to be used on service/aggregation routers.

Good to know. Thanks for the info.

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