Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software
It is a great book written by one of the great computer scientists of our time. It tracks the evolution of code and computing from morse code and braille on to number systems, early processors and even into how processors handle this information. When I hire someone for nearly any position, I buy them this book.
*Don't let the title fool you, this is not some discussion about high level languages, this is the down and dirty stuff.
http://www.amazon.com/Code-Language-Computer-Hardware-Softwa...