If I'm allowed to use modern machines and software, an FPGA, and off-the-shelf static RAM, I could do it in a week or two.
Do I need to refine my own metals? Make my own wire-drawing machines? It would take me a few years, others might be able to do it more quickly.
I might be able to make a massive mechanical computer rather than an electronic one. That would also take a few years. People have built "computers" in MineCraft - something similar could be done for real.
Also, define "Run C." There are variants of C that run on PICs that are genuine versions of C, and compile nicely to compact machine code.
Maybe you need to think harder about what you're asking for, and why.
Consider this, where would we be today if the Library of Alexandria never burned?