Public infrastructure needs to be financed somehow and it would make most sense to do so based on usage of them. Energy tax, vehicle purchase tax or tolls are the three main options to do that as far as I can see.

Combustion taxes makes sense if it's only used by transportation means, but that is not the case of electric energy. You could tax at the plug/socket level, but that's probably something that will be easy to tamper with.

There could always be something fancy such as remotely tracking the vehicles, but that will open a can of privacy worms.

The only viable option is to do tolls. Not necessarily representative of actual use, but a good enough approximation of use.