Stanford bioengineers create circuit board modeled on the human brain
news.stanford.edu
news.stanford.edu
http://www.stanford.edu/group/brainsinsilicon/neurogrid.html
http://www.stanford.edu/group/brainsinsilicon/goals.html
The gist of how it works is that analog circuits model the ion channels in neurons. You "program" the chip by adjusting parameters controlling the activation pattern of the "neurons" and connect the neurons through virtual "synapses".
You might see something like this in the medical field to help people move a robot arm. (By connecting it to your brain.)
Or maybe (i'm not sure) in the future self-driving car to, very fastly categorize objects in its surrounding (pedestrians, cars, etc)