I don't really think there is anything special. I don't actually grow up in China as a programmer but when I was a kid PHP was a big thing due to the popularity of BBS like phpBB and Chinese's Discuz!. You can find Python, Java, C++, and .NET just like in America. Though I find (based on limited experience) Ruby is not a very popular language in China.

edit: here is a list from 2012: http://www.ithome.com/html/it/25225.htm

chart 1, 2, 3: Shenzhen, Shahai, Bejing

chart 4, 5, 6: worldwide, US, India

Since many Chinese projects are system-level and scientific. Plus there is a huge gaming industry in China.