A good example would be MySQL. The case sensitivity of table names is determined by the file system on which MySQL is running.

It's terrible, I know, but if you're developing a webapp which is going to run on a Linux-server you might want to have a case sensitive database locally as well or you could end up with queries that run without a hitch on your dev machine but give a "No such table" error in production. That sucks.

Of course, nowadays, you could just use a Vagrant VM or something similar, but still.