I might get up at 5am and stare at it while listening to some easy-listening music.
This is definitely based on the standard EGA/VGA text mode (originally 80x25 characters) used by DOS. Mode 0x10 IIRC.
This is also using the standard codepage 437, which includes the characters for single and double borders. You could also rewrite the symbol table to make custom characters, which is what Norton Utilities and others did.
(VGA is from 1987, by the way. :) )
VGA generally used the same text modes as EGA and very few people actually had an EGA, so referring to it as a VGA mode is an understandable mistake.
There were actually some VGA-specific text modes (80x30 mode for example) as well as SVGA modes, but they weren't really used much because the EGA modes were good enough, more widely compatible, and IIRC the 80x30 mode was noticeably slower.
Also IIRC, 80x30 mode used a slightly different font than this one, which is why I think it's the usual 80x25 EGA rather than one of the other modes.
In graphics modes.
In text mode it supported 16 IIRC: black, white, two greys and two shades of 6 colours.
I'm pretty sure this is based on the standard EGA/VGA font, which is 8x14 pixels, whereas CGA only supported 8x8. Characters like A, N and M look noticeably more pixellated around the diagonals in CGA mode.
This is very much the one everyone would recognise from the VGA era, although it's actually an EGA mode.
The font used by this site is the "Fixedsys" system font from Windows, not any CGA/EGA/VGA text mode font.