Yeah i agree. When the child is shown the labeled example of an elephant and infers the traits that make an elephant an elephant, her previous visual experiences provide background knowledge that restricts the space of hypotheses she considers. After all, there's an infinite set of logically consistent hypotheses.

Nevertheless, if you provide your machine system with the video of all the child's visual input, it still won't generalize well from single examples, the way children do effortlessly.