https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Reconnaissance_Office
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geospatial-Intelligen...
Relatively less is known about them, since CIA and NSA get all the attention lately (to their detriment), but as far as we can tell (from Snowden docs), NRO has about equal budget to NSA, and NGA has about half (and CIA has 1.5 times NSA's):
http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/black-...
Considering the incredible things NSA has been able to do with its $10B/yr, a combined NRO+NGA budget of $15B/yr sure raises a lot of questions. Presumably, they do a lot of work similar to the OP's - but noone really know what the capabilities are.
NGIA do GEOINT - think of them as the government's own Google Earth but with a ton more detail and live or near-live tracking in areas of interest. They provide maps to troops on the ground, determine what the NRO satellites should be looking at and merge all they produce (optical, IR, etc. imaging) and merge it with their geospatial and cartography data.
CIA, NSA, DIA along with NRO and NGIA are the big five. Think of the later two as tech departments for the intelligence community.
CIA, DIA, NSA and State (and others) will analyze ISIS propaganda using data from all these orgs and convert data to intelligence.
ISIS is employing social media — ‘crowdsourcing’ — to identify Saudi agents. They’ve even got an Android app just for the purpose. ”U.S. intelligence agencies monitoring ISIL’s social media communications identified the campaign as a crowd-sourced effort to gather names and other personal information about Saudi intelligence officials for the assassination campaign.”
http://pjmedia.com/richardfernandez/2014/08/04/terror-and-th...
AQI/ISIS have adapted and evolved from almost a decade of fighting the US military and intel orgs. They also had AQAP counterintel guys from Yemen advise them on counter-drone and other strategy.