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Two questions: (1) Anyone use Varnish in front of Rails? Is it better to just set up some memcached and/or redis and let the app handle it? (2) To deal with session-specific stuff, how common is it to render some common plain html views, then fill in the particulars with JS/Ajax? If you need to support no-JS (heaven forbid) do people use iframes?

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Check out ESI blocks: https://www.varnish-cache.org/trac/wiki/ESIfeatures

Varnish will very likely be an order of magnitude or two faster than sending requests to your app. You can get going with a simple config in a few minutes and without breaking anything (just have varnish listen on a different port and use :80 or your app server as the back-end), so I'd strongly suggest playing with it if you're curious. It's pretty impressively fast software, and VCL gives you an awesome abstraction for controlling how the cache handles different routes.

Answer to (1): Heroku used Varnish in front of EVERYTHING in their previous stack... So I guess that means that whatever Ruby (or RoR) app you are running you should look into using Varnish.

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