It reminds me of VirtualDub's scripting language, which is meant for videos but could do audio, if I recall correctly. It's been about half a decade since I used it, though...
If there actually aren't, I kind of feel like there should be.
Many of which are inspired by or even directly based on Max Matthew's work: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MUSIC-N
edit:
Just found this example song apparently coded live in Overtone: https://soundcloud.com/meta-ex/spiked-with-recursive-dreams
Quite amazing.
Not too much documentation right now, and there's barely any example usage. Think it's about time to remedy that! I have plans for an open-source album created with it, but it's just an idea at this point.
I've been dogfooding it for my own music since I started working on it, here's a recent-ish album made with it: http://music.hecanjog.com/album/solos-for-unattended-compute...