Eventually the common thread between all these sites was identified -- they had retargeting tags from sites like AdRoll: http://www.thesempost.com/adroll-retargeting-bot-attack-behi...
For months now, huge botnets have been producing huge amounts of fake web traffic, picking up retargeting cookies in order to later be served ads and have whoever's behind the network paid for those views. That surge has never ended. It's only grown (including becoming less easy to spot), yet nobody seems to be talking about it anymore, including the retargeting companies.
I'd love to know who's behind it and how they control so many computers.