An interesting question. I don't know of the design decisions or whether the fork idea predated UNIX. But to me, it's just the sheer simplicity. Compare to the basic process creation function on Windows, taking 10 arguments: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms682425(VS.85).aspx
Another useful application of the implicit descriptor sharing is http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privilege_separation