Copyright is a trade between the author and society. The author releases the work to society at large, and in exchange, society provides a means to be rewarded for releasing it.
You can own a story entirely, so long as you do not release it. Then, nobody can take it from you, and you will never see those characters do anything beyond what you say they do. But if you want to share it with others, you must accept that they will eventually write things based on it.
This is a terrible analogy. If I take your house, I have deprived you of its use. If I make a copy of something you wrote, of what are you being deprived? Do you not still have access to your writing?
You expect to profit by selling copies of your work and you task the State with preventing me from doing so, thereby limiting my freedom to do whatever I want with my own physical property (my pen and my paper).
That's the nature of the copyright bargain, and everyone more or less agrees that it's a net gain for society. But do not lose track of what's going on here.
You expect to profit by selling copies of your work and you task the State with preventing me from doing so, thereby limiting my freedom to do whatever I want with my own physical property (my pen and my paper).
Not true at all. You can do whatever you like with your pen and paper, and it will even be copyright-protected. You don't sell with your pen and paper, you compose and/or copy with them. It's the commercial transfer of intellectual property that copyright laws regulate, not the act of creation as such.
The original analogy is flawed, but so is your counter-argument. The intangibility of authorship doesn't obviate its legal existence - otherwise whole classes of contractual relations would be impossible.
"right to the residual income from its resale" sounds like a very weird right to me, and doesn't really come from any sound ethical foundation. In fact, it's exactly the opposite for physical goods. If I buy a deck of cards, and then sell (or give) it to somebody else, I've technically deprived the creator of the deck of cards of residual income from resale, but they don't have a right to it from the first sale doctrine.