Ask HN: iOS vs. Linux question

I've been using Linux for about 8-9 years, I migrated because of a bug on Google AppEngine that only existed on Windows. As I really liked the experience I migrated all the computers on my company to linux. I always work on the computer on my office through terminal (mount the directory, directly on emacs, or a tunnel to the port of the corporate intranet) But I really need to use SolidWorks and Photoshop, so I have tried a lot of times to use a Windows computer, only to become frustrated by the experience (It just breaks, I start to have a lot of pop ups on startup, a lot of icons on the menu bar, notifications for everything, is a headache), so I'm planning to buy a MacBook Pro, but my question is.

Is there a terminal on the Mac? I understand it's BSD on the base, but I guess I wont have aptitude, so How difficult is to install latex? Go, Python, R, Emacs, OpenOffice, OpenSSH, and Dropbox?