A particle accelerator could get reaction mass to 99.999%c. The energy requierments would be insane though.
Reolitically, there is going to be a tradeoff between effecency and exit velocity but for 10%c it's really just a question of energy.
By the law of Momentum, you cannot change the velocity of an object without pushing against, and changing the velocity, of another object. Vehicles on Earth mostly push against the planet, and the water and air on it. In space, there is nothing, so you must bring your own mass to push against if you want to change your velocity. But this sets up a rather inconvenient exponential situation, because the mass you expel to accelerate now must accelerate not only your vehicle, but also all of the rest of the mass that you're going to expel later to accelerate further.
It's why chemical rockets traveling to Earth orbit have about 20x more propellant mass than the mass that's going to actually reach orbit. The situation gets exponentially worse the higher you want to take the final craft velocity, which is why all interplanetary missions have gotten around mainly on gravitational slingshots. Increasing the rocket exhaust velocity helps, but only in a linear fashion. When it comes to reaching reasonable interstellar velocities, all the numbers I've seen say that it's wildly impractical even with fusion or anti-matter level exhaust velocities. Like mass ratios in the neighborhood of 4,000,000, as I calculated above, which is still nowhere near fast enough.