The same rule holds true for jobs in the private sector: work for a high profile company (Google, Apple, Facebook, ...) and you will find doors open everywhere. Getting there in the first place is the real challenge.
Academia is much less forgiving.
I've heard of one example of that in the MIT AI Lab in the '60-70s, although it helped that "very successful" can equal "can pay for his research budget" ^_^. And of course there weren't many real CS graduates to turn into faculty members in the bad old days.