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But Unicode emphatically does not define a rendering, a glyph.

To me it sounds like the rendering needs to be fixed, not Unicode.

Unicode is about _code points_, not what is actually rendered. It recommends what should be shown, but it's up to the font on how to render it.

On page 3 I see two different pieces of Bengali. One is text, and the other is an image. I assume you're referring to the text? What makes it wrong? And what software are you using to view the PDF? If it's wrong, it's quite possible that the software you're using doesn't render it correctly, rather than the document actually being wrong.

I am referring to the first line of Bengali text.

I have viewed it in Acrobat Reader, epdfview, Chrome's PDF Reader, Firefox's pdf reader and my iPhone's pdf reader.

The problems are that joint-letter ligatures are not used, and several vowels signs are placed after the consonant when they should have been placed before them.

Your description makes it sound like the text in the PDF is merely incorrect, rather than there being any issue with Unicode.