Depending on what you need your database for, there are some that perform better than others. You can check this site for comparisons: http://kkovacs.eu/cassandra-vs-mongodb-vs-couchdb-vs-redis
It's not even close to the same thing as Redis except superficially.
The key/value part of Redis is just the beginning. The values themselves can be of several different types that allow for a lot more flexibility in how you store and query data.
Memcached is just a cache. Don't store anything there you can't lose.
>In order to achieve its outstanding performance, Redis works with an in-memory dataset. Depending on your use case, you can persist it either by dumping the dataset to disk every once in a while, or by appending each command to a log.
At a previous job people started using Redis thinking it was a fast in-memory data store. It turned out we had accumulated tens of thousands of records.
I haven't measured, but I doubt it's much faster than Postgres. It does have other nice features. I like using the expiring records for caching.