In addition to the points below about Hadoop's implementation of MapReduce, Hadoop consists of many subprojects which perform complex tasks: HDFS, a reliable, petabyte-scale distributed file system; HBase, a clone of Google's BigTable; Pig and Hive, which provide higher-level syntax, columnar storage in HDFS, and a persistent metadata repository; and Zookeeper, a coordination service for distributed systems.
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