No one is writing high performance code without deep knowledge of what they're doing.
Those are all high performance areas of coding that would require great skill to execute correctly. Aside from medical devices, they all require a lot of concurrency and real-time processing in the case of air traffic control and phone switches. They are practically the definition of high performance programming.
I wonder what "rock stars" are going to do when they discover other uses for their time, hobbies, families, sports, travel and so on. Resign?
1. People that are dedicated to their craft, write A LOT of code and self-study in their free time.
2. Red bull drinking Valley stereotypes.
People from camp 1 don't live up to the stereotype of the "rock star" but definitely work way more than 9-5. Where work is defined as studying languages, domain specific knowledge, low-level code...
I don't believe that, you have some evidence for this claim?
As an aside, I would like to note the difference as I see it between passion and work ethic. There were people who put long hours in, but they did so because there was work that needed doing. In fact, the people who put in the longest hours generally had the least proportion of technical work. They weren't there because they "loved programming"; they were there because they felt they needed to be to help the program and company go forward.
I don't think anecdotal experience from 2 jobs is a sufficient sample size to make such strong broad statements about a slew of industries.