Freeman Dyson is a great example because at 89 he published the solution to the prisoner's dilemma, decades later than the original theoretical physics work.
Dyson truly proposes a great solution lying in PD. That is a huge oversight for game theorists when they let an outsider do that.
However, it's not the ultimate solution. It's an extremely interesting aspect (a strategy, a style of play) of the PD that game theorists somehow have never seen and articulated in maths.
For the evolutionary fitness of the extortioner solution that Dyson discovers:
Evolution of extortion in Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma games http://www.pnas.org/content/110/17/6913.abstract