Then: Granted, proper factoring of your functions in the first place is going to help a lot. hence -> Once a function is ready you are not supposed to change it much. much not= at all.
And you are absolutely correct - eventually you will have to change some of your functions. And when you need to do so you should focus on the logic and take your time until you understand it completely. Only then refactor the funciton. So the emphasis should be on the developer completely understanding the task and not on the developer finding a cheap way to change the code and rely on tests to catch his errors.
Furthermore if you change the signature of a function, tests are just another place where you need to change the function as well. In practice the tests that you wrote are not doing you any good because you cannot test the reinvented function with the old set of tests.
Sure, tests might catch a few errors here and there at some point. But after all what is more time consuming - maintaining hundreds of thousands of tests or focusing on your single, small, composable function and your problem?
I am part of a team that develops a very large .NET (with C#) product with hundreds of projects in the solution. So far the primary use of tests is to be maintained. They caught a few bugs, true, but nothing that our QAs were not going to see anyway. In imperative OOP land tests are a necessary evil, but with time I started doubting even that thesis.