I don't entirely follow points #1 and #3.
Re #1: There are myriad ways to get a temporary phone number, beyond Google Voice, Twilio, etc. For example, I can just use an anonymous pay-as-you-go phone. What would this accomplish beyond creating some slight inconvenience?
Re #3: I get the need for strong security. You could require multi-factor auth. But what does disallowing participation through a web browser get you that 2FA doesn't?
These are sincere questions. I'm not trying to be snarky, just understand what you're saying, because I agree there's room for improvement in this area.