But slang, their proprietary language, has a pretty mediocre reputation. Every strat I know there hates it; anecdotal, I know, but still. It is old -- in use for at least 15 years as far as I know -- and cripplingly slow both to develop in and run. From what I hear, where speed matters a fair bit of C++ and even some Erlang (!) are in production use.
Goldman is doing well because it is full of bright people who are very good at their jobs. Last spring/summer/fall, however, Goldman had lost vast piles of money, particularly in their Global Alpha fund. It is true that Goldman had started to go short on housing as early as late 2007; this is why they didn't get pummeled as badly as their big-bank cohorts.[1] The nice rebound is due to a variety of factors, not the least of which is that part about bright people who are good at their jobs, plus a general market rise, plus govt rent seeking (you better believe it), etc.
[1] The mortgage-related products whose implosion wiped out the market and many players are all short-term vehicles. Indeed, the problem was specifically that mortgages were not treated like old school bonds with a long maturity, but that the income stream from these mortgages was sliced and diced into a wide variety of CDOs with a dizzying number of tranches such that they could be securitized and treated as virtually short-term instruments.