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CaptainNegative

606 karma · joined May 2, 2021

https://yonatan.us
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CaptainNegative··on In New Paradox, Black Holes Appear to Evade Heat Death
I don't understand how this is obvious -- non-locality does not inherently imply that iteration increases complexity. For a concrete not-entirely-trivial counterexample, von Neumann's middle-square method also appears "non-local" (in that every output bit is a function of a majority of the input bits including well-separated ones) but famously tends to converge to short orbits if not a single constant value.
CaptainNegative··on Reddit’s plan to kill third-party apps sparks widespread protests
Reddit Founders Made Hundreds of Fake Profiles So Site Looked Popular https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/06/reddi...
CaptainNegative··on Amazon.com's Ring mishandled customers videos and will pay $5.8M fine
> The fines, totaling $30.8 million, represent a fraction of Amazon's $3.2 billion first-quarter profit.

What fraction of their first quarter profit should Amazon pay for the alleged activities at Ring, all but one of which was before Amazon bought them? The last being within three months of acquisition.

CaptainNegative··on The halting problem is decidable on a set of asymptotic probability one (2006)
It entirely depends on the description language. In Python, the opposite is true for basically the reason you gave: an asymptotically positive constant fraction of valid Python programs will begin with code searching for a contradiction to ZFC followed by an exit statement. In the model where Turing machines are modeled by random graphs with out-degree two, it is no longer necessarily the case that the start state component is exactly some fixed undecidable subgraph; i.e. as more states are added the probability of finding the start state inside a particular induced subgraph shrinks to zero.
CaptainNegative··on Amazon Backs Out of Climate Pledge, Deletes Shipment Zero Initiative Blogpost
This HN post has a misleading title (as of the time of this comment).

They backed out of a climate pledge (50% delivery emissions reduction by 2030), not "The" Climate Pledge (100% cross-sector carbon neutral by 2040 and a few other things).

CaptainNegative··on Venus is not Earth’s closest neighbor (2019) [pdf]
Outside of binary planets orbiting each other, is this achievable as a (mostly) stable configuration?

Intuitively, if the two planets have orbiting periods that are not basically identical, then after long enough they will also have long stretches of time where they are on opposite sides of the star (with a slight caveat if the periods are rational multiples of each other, but in either case their positions will be asymptotically uncorrelated). On the other hand, if they are close and have the same period, I'd expect their gravitational pulls would eventually merge them together unless they become a binary planet system.

But I have no physics/astrophysics background so this could easily all be stupid.

CaptainNegative··on Bringing the power of AI to Windows 11
1. Ads in the Start Menu.

2. Ads in the rest of the OS.

CaptainNegative··on FreeBSD spends 7% of its boot time running a bubblesort on its SYSINITs
Not to mention that QuickSort isn't a single algorithm but rather a class of algorithms (as the choice of pivot is left unspecified), and there are methods to choose the pivot that give O(n log n) worst case or O(n log n) expected running time (e.g. median of medians or soft heaps for the former, random choice for the latter).
CaptainNegative··on Rekt.network
rekt.browser
CaptainNegative··on The unreasonable effectiveness of character-level language models (2015)
I think at this point everyone's seen this comic.
CaptainNegative··on Problems harder than NP-Complete
I'm not sure what you're referring to here. Ramsey's theorem is constructive enough that you can extract an upper bound of 4^k on the kth diagonal Ramsey number, and the (j,k)th Ramsey number is bounded from above by the max(j,k)th diagonal number.
CaptainNegative··on Problems harder than NP-Complete
I don't know which airlines are packing one-dimensional bins :). In dimensions 2 and above, bin packing has no PTAS unless P=NP, and in particular it's hard to derive anything with an approximation ratio appreciably better than sqrt(num_dimensions)).

And the famous Steiner tree result holds only in highly structured metrics like the Euclidean plane and some minor generalizations. For general metrics there's a lower bound of around 1.01 unless P=NP.

CaptainNegative··on Large Photonic Processor Solves Graph Problems
Dense k-Subgraph, eh? I wrote a dissertation on that in a past life.

From a quick read of the paper, it looks like the only classical algorithms they compare to are greedy, random search, and simulated annealing (which is more or less random plus greedy). For random or semi-random instances like those described in this writeup, there are oftentimes substantially better classical algorithms (both random and deterministic) that one can use to try to find dense components (including, ironically, so-called "spectral" algorithms which are entirely classical).

They don't provide the specific parameter setting so I can't give a single definitively better method, but I'm relatively unimpressed by their finding that a somewhat heavily engineered approach can defeat a handful of braindead classical algorithms.

CaptainNegative··on PaLM 2 Technical Report [pdf]
> OpenAI have a 10000 A100 training farm that they are expanding to 2500.

Does the first number have an extra zero or is the second number missing one?

CaptainNegative··on “GDPR compliant” analytics is probably violating GDPR
This article is incomplete without any mention of strong privacy techniques such as differential privacy.

There is a write-up by Cohen and Nissim [1] where they analyze the privacy statutes in the GDPR and derive a formal definition of privacy, which they call Privacy Singling Out, intended to match the text of the document.

They then show how PSO compares to other privacy definitions, and in particular that Differential Privacy implies PSO (and thus satisfies GDPR). Differential Privacy, in turn, is basically an entire field on its own, with entire textbooks [2] and workshops [3]. It also dominates many privacy-focused conferences, and has been used by US Census Bureau.

There are plenty of truly GDPR-compliant analytics one can do. It just takes some effort to understand how.

[1] https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1914598117

[2] https://www.cis.upenn.edu/~aaroth/Papers/privacybook.pdf

[3] https://tpdp.journalprivacyconfidentiality.org/2022/

CaptainNegative··on Patent for attention-based sequence transduction neural networks (2019)
Silly question, how did they get their patent granted in 16 months when I have some patents pending for more than 3x as long?
CaptainNegative··on Vint Cerf on mistakes he made in TCP/IP
Those estimates typically confuse the 10^100 upper bound on the number of atoms in the universe with 2^100. The 2^128 number of addresses in IPv6 is clearly more than the latter, but dwarfed by the former. There are roughly 10^40 or so atoms in the universe per IPv6 address; by mass that's approximately one address for each combined biomass of earth.

Earth mass divided by 2^64 is roughly 357 tons. There are roughly 2^33 humans on earth, so 2^64 is "only" a billion or two addresses per person; tha's far fewer addresses than the number of human cells out there.

CaptainNegative··on White-collar crime costs society 20x as much as street crime
> Article: By comparison, common crimes like burglary, larceny and theft cost just $16 billion per year. (FBI)

> FBI: Collectively, victims of property crimes (excluding arson) suffered losses estimated at $16.4 billion in 2018.

Those aren't the same statistic. The cost of property (or any other kind of) crime is the sum of the losses plus the cost of prevention. If typical prevention costs more than is lost (the security industry is estimated at over 200B by some sources), then that figure should be compared to the combined security+loss cost of white collar crime. I don't think the ratio will get particularly close to 1, but it should shrink from 20.

Also,

> Article: Three-quarters of white-collar criminal offenders are white males.

A majority of the $300B figure computed by the FBI is in the form of foreign economic espionage and (not-necessarily-domestic) IP theft. I'm going to doubt that the major players in that are overwhelmingly white men.

The article (edit: apparently an extended ad) appears to have been written with a conclusion in mind before the facts were cherry picked sans context to support it.

CaptainNegative··on City Council to install 20 cameras as automated license-plate recognition system
> I wish I lived in a city where 2 converter thefts every 4 decades was the bar for "serious theft problem".

I don't think this is fair at all.

If a couple pre-teens get third degree burns because an arsonist burned their (parents') house down, would you wish you lived in a place where one's home being an average of .02 degrees warmer over your lifetime was the bar for a serious arsony problem?

His complaint isn't about the Palo Alto of 1990, it's about the Palo Alto of today. What did or did not happen in 1990 is immaterial. Same as the pre-teens in the years leading up to the fire.

CaptainNegative··on The 2-MAXSAT Problem Can Be Solved in Polynomial Time
Only if they're (i) conjectured hard instances (ii) for which we can verify that a given solution is indeed optimal. Which in many cases is itself is a Gödel prize worthy task.
CaptainNegative··on Why gravity is not like the other forces
Seems like pretending to know what the word emergent means in physics is an emergent phenomenon on HN.

It's not wishy washy, it has a precise meaning that can be both derived and, typically, refuted.

CaptainNegative··on Use of antibiotics in farming ‘endangering human immune system’
The topic here is about animals who are fed excessive quantities of antibiotics while healthy, fattening them up to the point that their skeletons frequently fracture because they can't bear the weight. These are not well-treated "happy hens". They are chickens crammed by the tens of thousands into barns with about as much square footage as it has birds. Sometimes less. The unroofed "free range" they get access to may amortize out to a couple square inches per bird, in a portion of the facility they'll never reach due to bird traffic.

It is of no solace to any of the 40 billion individual chickens presently in factory farms that some others may be raised in a coup in a backyard of someone's hypothetical uncle's house. And the hypothetical existence of said uncle has no relevance to the act of paying others to abuse birds in farms, which is where every single person reading this is getting either the vast majority or all of their bird flesh.

CaptainNegative··on Use of antibiotics in farming ‘endangering human immune system’
I don't get it. In most circumstances, if one doesn't want to be called immoral for performing an objectively cruel act, the standard course of action would be to stop doing it.

Why would one who inflicts or remunerates mistreatment, slavery, and death upon animals expect to be shielded from criticism on the count of it potentially hurting their feelings?

CaptainNegative··on Overnight 'hotel train' could link San Francisco and Los Angeles
$300 sounds pretty comparable to an overnight stay at a hotel room.
CaptainNegative··on Inmates in a Brazil prison shorten their sentences by writing book reviews
Amazon Meconical Turk
CaptainNegative··on Beyond automatic differentiation
Taking g(x) = f(x) + epsilon*cos(bx) adds to the derivatives a function that bounces between -b*epsilon and b*epsilon while g remains within an epsilon envelope of f. Take b large enough to fit your needs, e.g. 100/epsilon times an upper bound on |f'|.

Add a scaled version of the Weierstrass function instead if you don't want a derivative at all.

CaptainNegative··on Show HN: GPT-4-powered web searches for developers
An equivalent formulation to the SO solution with a simple implementation is to double the vertices and edges in the graph G by making a duplicate parallel universe G'. One can always move from v in G to its corresponding v' in G' at zero cost, but there is also a cost-1 edge from vertex u in G to v' in G' whenever u and v are separated by a wall. Once one crosses into G', there is no going back.

One can pass the new graph, G ∪ G' plus all the intermediate edges, into the already existing A* implementation to search for an optimal s-t' path. This works as long as the heuristic for v is also admissible for v', but most are. I think all three of these algorithms could in principle run into problems for certain uncommon admissible heuristics.

CaptainNegative··on Gaia's first black hole discovery: GAIA-BH1 (2022)
In principle it could be approaching us at near the speed of light (for example, if it was hit by something big going near the speed of light from the other direction a few days after the presently observed light was emitted) and we would never know it until it's just about too late.

The same, of course, could be said for any other celestial body, currently observed or otherwise.

CaptainNegative··on My long goodbye to Windows XP (2022)
What do you dislike about 95?
CaptainNegative··on Gpt4all: A chatbot trained on ~800k GPT-3.5-Turbo Generations based on LLaMa
OpenAI keeps text-davinci-003 proprietary.
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