“They can also be made entirely dependent on synthetic amino acids in their diets, to allay the fear that recoded bacteria could escape from a lab and wreak havoc in the wild.”
I say this becasue of this well known experiment:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._coli_long-term_evolution_ex...
Whether you accept the E. Coli long term evolution experiment as proof of evolution or not, it clearly does show at least the capacity for E. coli to figure out how to eat different things.