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boulos

13,578 karma · joined May 15, 2013

If you're trying to reach me about GCE (or Google Cloud generally) my username at Google is the same as this one.
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boulos··on Lowest “Who is hiring?” Post Count in 30 Months
This is part of why I prefer to use LIKE directly when the thing I'm doing isn't actually a regexp. Then again, it's equally easy to screw up the %, but I feel it's maybe more visible (due to the less common characters). [My primary reason is clarity for the reader, so they don't have to attempt to parse the potential regexp].

More pernicious than ? is . though. Not that it matters in your case, but a lot of matches really can be "oops, a one character substitution totally matches, too".

boulos··on The GJK Algorithm for intersecting shapes (2021) [video]
Depends how deep you want to go. But I'd personally suggest going through past courses from someone in the field. For example:

https://igl.ethz.ch/teaching/shape-modeling/sm2022/

is a course that Olga Sorkine-Hornung taught in the Spring. Seems to have some decent course titles, but apparently the course slides are only available at ETH itself... (anyway, find some other course and dig in!)

boulos··on Ask HN: Books on designing disk-optimized data structures?
Edit: duh, a sibling comment (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=32965989) did say BTrees and LSMs an hour ago... Sorry.

Btw, because nobody has said it explicitly yet: you should start at BTrees [1]. As you guessed, the database folks were the primary "we have to deal with spinning disk and it really matters to be fast" people.

There's also the Log-Structured < Noun > universe of things which 'tlb is pointing you at. Roughly, you turn random writes into appends (to a "log"), often followed by periodic compaction to make reads reasonable (since in-place updates to a "file" are now appended at the end of the log, you've suddenly made reads worse).

[1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-tree

boulos··on ‘I’d rather eat an actual burger’: plant-based meat’s sizzle fizzled in the US
I'm not Vegan, but I do own The Veganomicon from which I've liked several dishes (I don't have it handy, but there are some great chickpea dishes in there).
boulos··on Homemade Heat Pump Manifesto (2009)
The term of art is "short cycle". There's also the related "turndown ratio" which is just minimum_output/maximum_output. The discussion at [1] isn't bad, but [2] has a little diagram showing the cycling (in this case as a benefit of variable-rate inverters, but also as a warning).

[1] https://www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/question/what-is-minisp...

[2] https://carbonswitch.com/heat-pump-sizing-guide/

boulos··on San Francisco police can now watch private surveillance cameras in real time
Now that there's been a new DA for a couple months who appears to be tougher on crime, it doesn't seem like anything has happened yet. Chesa was in office for ~30 months. How long do you believe before we should expect a change in behavior?
boulos··on Simulated Growing Plants
Note: Vaguely related to part of the book The Overstory.
boulos··on Parallel Curves of Cubic Béziers
Great post, though for me the most exciting bit was Cem's root finding work that I hadn't seen [1].

[1] http://www.cemyuksel.com/research/polynomials/

boulos··on CA grid: real-time status
Huh, I did not expect such a huge swing in relative weights! TX uses ~15% more energy (1744 trillions vs 1508 trillion BTUs) than CA for Residential use, but an absolutely massive 7266 trillion BTU for "industrial" vs 1701 in California.

Filtering the LLNL Sankey diagrams to Texas (last available seems to be 2019) at [1] sadly doesn't break down the Industrial use, but I'd guess it was for oil wells and such (and I'm disappointed I didn't think about that earlier). The summary at [2] includes the simple quote:

> Texas leads the nation in energy consumption across all sectors and is the largest energy-consuming state in the nation. The industrial sector, including the state's refineries and petrochemical plants, accounts for more than half of the state's energy consumption and for 23% of the nation's total industrial sector energy use.

But both the Sankey diagram and that wording suggest direct use of the energy (e.g., onsite burning of petroleum) and not anything related to the grid. I'm more confused than we began this :).

[1] https://flowcharts.llnl.gov/commodities/energy

[2] https://www.eia.gov/state/print.php?sid=TX

boulos··on AI Researcher wants computer scientists to move beyond the matrix
The point is that just because something can be represented as the result of malloc(), doesn't make the data structure the same as that thing. That is, what is:

float* x = malloc(width*height*channels*sizeof(float))

Is x an "Image"? Is x a "tensor"? Is x a "raster"?

For tensors specifically, if x is not itself the product of vector spaces, then it's not a tensor.

tl;dr: While every rank-N tensor can be represented with multidimensional arrays, not all multidimensional arrays are rank-N tensors.

boulos··on AI Researcher wants computer scientists to move beyond the matrix
It's too bad this article never links to the paper [1] being hinted at.

In late 2012 (first submission) tensor decomposition was likely very interesting (the paper has >1000 citations!). But given that this article doesn't distinguish between "use tensors" and "use tensor decomposition, not SVD or similar for old school setups" I think the article is super confusing.

Perhaps the author didn't get the distinction, and decided to write up a "renegade/rebel" piece that is sadly a non sequitur.

[1] https://arxiv.org/abs/1210.7559

boulos··on CA grid: real-time status
That seems... super inefficient? California has ~40% more people than Texas (40M vs 28M) and seems to have historically [1] stayed at or below 50GW for the last 20 years.

[1] https://www.caiso.com/documents/californiaisopeakloadhistory...

boulos··on Userspace FUSE for macOS
> macOS implements NFSv4.0, while SEQUENCE is part of NFSv4.1 and later.

Whoa. That's a real mistake. v4.0 is widely considered a "oops, we shouldn't have released this". TIL!

boulos··on Userspace FUSE for macOS
Nit: NFSv3 is stateless, V4 isn't (sessionid and clientid permit stateful handling of locks and shares).

I would assume this person is just doing an in-memory "NFS server" that would keep all of that state around. So it's more like a FUSE-compatible layer that speaks NFSv4 as a "front end" (since NFS clients are better than "ha ha, surprise! This FUSE backend is networked and can fail on weird ways").

I'm not sure how they chose to translate things like DELEGATE, SEQUENCE, and so on (probably just reply with an error). But for basic OPEN, READ, WRITE, etc. it's all fairly straightforward.

I had hoped they used nfs-ganesha for the NFS server / frontend, but the attributions file suggests they probably rolled their own (and thus is going to be full of bugs and immature for quite some time).

boulos··on Velox: An open-source unified execution engine
Maybe! I'd definitely argue for the Kubelet to be in Rust, if starting from scratch. The apiserver is less clear. But note that at Google it's unclear those would be written in Rust even today.
boulos··on We clone a running VM in 2 seconds
I'm surprised "MAC" never appears in the paper. Does Linux happily pickup a new MAC "on wake-up"?
boulos··on Velox: An open-source unified execution engine
> Kubernetes was originally written in Java and rewritten in Go after some Go advocates joined the team.

Just to be clear, this didn't go very far. It's more like Brendan was willing to write Java, and a lot of other folks hate it. I don't think any of the core folks were Go advocates, just most of "us" were C/C++ people. Docker itself being in Go, meant it would lower a lot of friction, and besides we had great tooling for Go.

tl;dr: It was really "Should we (re)write this in C++? Eh, how about Go?".

boulos··on Decoding AWS Reserved Instances
Disclosure: I used to work on GCE.

We got to go second, but I prefer the naming and separation of concerns we came up with (obviously): Reservations are capacity you're holding, while Commitments are things that get you discounts.

Reservations are things your operations team uses to guarantee capacity for scaling up, doing rolling restarts, and whatever else. Commitments (and Committed Use Discounts) are primarily what your Finance teams work with.

The original Reserved Instance product combined both of these. AWS now has the same decoupling with Savings Plans and Reservations as related, separate products.

boulos··on Day ahead electricity prices for EU
You don't have to replace the roof. You can coat it in a white, "elastomeric" paint like [1]. Each bucket can do about 450 sq ft (40 sq m) and is ~$100 for the supplies.

In California, roof color isn't regulated, but reflectivity (or rather energy absorption) is by Title 24. You're basically required on new construction to have a fairly efficient roof.

[1] https://www.homedepot.com/p/Henry-4-75-Gal-Acrylic-Reflectiv...

boulos··on MantaRay: Open-Source Ray Tracer
Nope. Just a name collision.
boulos··on DreamWorks Animation to release MoonRay as open source
Eh, it traces rays and the moon (and "Moon Boy") are DreamWorks.
boulos··on Starlink's current problem is capacity
You can get the "RV" variant now at starlink.com/rv. It's a little bit more per month but allows roaming and turning it on and off. On the downside, it's explicitly lower priority on the network than the fixed ones.
boulos··on Spain will introduce free train travel
> omnishambles

TIL this amusing combo, thanks! The Wikipedia entry is helpful [1]

[1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omnishambles

boulos··on Heathrow tells airlines to stop selling additional flights until September
To get on the other side of security. Presumably this was in the international baggage pickup or something.
boulos··on Oxide builds servers as they should be [audio]
That's for the rack.
boulos··on HN is up again
I'm hoping that deep in your spam folder is a critical firmware update notice from Dell/EMC/HP/SanDisk from 2 years ago :).
boulos··on HN is up again
See! People should register via mail for those important notifications! (Or alternatively do quarterly checks that your firmware is up to date).
boulos··on Tell HN: HN Moved from M5 to AWS
I upvoted your top-level comment! But what happens if the comments on this topic get long enough for pagination to kick in? Very few people click the new next button for the linked list :).
boulos··on Historical weather data API for machine learning, free for non-commercial
Looks like "please contact us" (https://open-meteo.com/en/features#terms). So you're in the right place? :)
boulos··on Compilers, Hands-Off My Hands-On Optimizations (2016) [pdf]
Even at the time, this was no longer really applicable on Sandy Bridge and beyond. The point of their volatile macros was just to prevent reordering. It can matter, but it's pretty rare.

From the last paragraph before the Conclusion:

> On the Nehalem there is a significant performance differ- ence between the two implementations on both compilers. Even though both implementations have the same instruc- tion order, the compiler reorders the intrinsic implementa- tion, but does so sub-optimally. On the Sandy Bridge the performance difference is slight. We examined the assem- bly code generated by both the icc and gcc and in the two cases ordering of the instructions are not the same as the initial ordering, so the intrinsics do not maintain the order- ing. In the previous experiment (Figure 12) the ordering was not close enough to an optimal one and from the compiler scheduled implementation the compiler did not achieve the same performance as the expert. We suspect that because of its large reorder windows, the Sandy Bridge is less sensitive to the instruction order than the Nehalem.

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