>It's a comstruction of a pure subset variant of Lisp.
We viewed it as the core of LISP and this is just one view of LISP.
>The actual LISP wasn't pure. Not before this particular paper and not after.
LISP I is not pure and I agree.
220 karma · joined May 19, 2014
We viewed it as the core of LISP and this is just one view of LISP.
>The actual LISP wasn't pure. Not before this particular paper and not after.
LISP I is not pure and I agree.
This part is about the status of LISP I and not what Graham is referring to. Did you look at the article by Graham?
http://www.paulgraham.com/rootsoflisp.html
He is talking about the core of LISP that he found in the 1960 paper that is pure.
>Basically the paper is more a collections of ideas around various ways to describe parts of LISP
There is clearly a gem in the paper that is viewed as a pure LISP.
Yes, true. But in this context Paul Graham was talking about the language defined in the 1960 paper below and not LISP I.
"Recursive Functions of Symbolic Expressions and Their Computation by Machine, Part I"
I'm not the only one who has this view.
From Paul Graham, http://www.paulgraham.com/rootsoflisp.html
"There were already models of computation, of course - most notably the Turing Machine. But Turing Machine programs are not very edifying to read. If you want a language for describing algorithms, you might want something more abstract, and that was one of McCarthy's aims in defining Lisp. The language he defined in 1960 was missing a lot. It has no side-effects, no sequential execution (which is useful only with side effects anyway), no practical numbers, and dynamic scope. But these limitations can be remedied with surprisingly little additional code. If you understand McCarthy's eval you understand more than just a stage in the history of languages. These ideas are still the semantic core of Lisp today. So studying McCarthy's original paper shows us, in a sense, what Lisp really is. It' s not something that McCarthy designed so much as something he discovered. It's not intrinsically a language for AI or for rapid prototyping, or any other task at that level. It's what you get (or one thing you get) when you try to axiomatize computation."
Since the word LISP is not mathematically defined and has different meanings in different contexts, there are different views of what LISP is and I understand your confusion.
"One mathematical consideration that influenced LISP was to express programs as applicative expressions built up from variables and constants using functions. I considered it important to make these expressions obey the usual mathematical laws allowing replacement of expressions by expressions giving the same value. The motive was to allow proofs of properties of programs using ordinary mathematical methods. This is only possible to the extent that side-effects can be avoided. Unfortunately, side-effects are often a great convenience when computational efficiency is important, and “functions” with side-effects are present in LISP."
Reading above, in his original idea, he clearly had the idea of mathematical pureness for LISP, but for practical reasons the real implementation became one with side-effects.
Or the more accessible explanation by Paul Graham http://www.paulgraham.com/rootsoflisp.html
There are only few primitives and no such things as RPLACA, RPLACD, and NCONC.
[1]: http://clojure-doc.org/articles/language/concurrency_and_par...
I too have seen this kind of product in Japan. The downside is that the case gets thick, the design is limited, and it doesn't look cool. As a former user for using Suica app of feature phones, the case product is apparently not optimal.
IMO users who put their phones in their pockets would gain the most benefit (mostly men I think). Women, especially in Japan, generally wear clothes that have no pockets and the phones are inside the handbags, which will have less benefit. It is not much different taking the card case or a phone from your handbag.
I have seen a brand handbag that has an inner pocket in the bottom to hold a Suica card. To use it, you just put the handbag on top of the ticket gate. This kind of product looks more suited to women in Japan.
“The choice is radical, but brilliant,” said Larry Smarr, director of the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology, a University of California laboratory that pursues a similar research agenda to the Media Laboratory. “He can position the lab at the edge of change and propel it for a decade.”
Mr. Ito’s appointment comes at a time when the Media Lab, as well as other information technology research centers, have struggled to reclaim the financing levels that were characteristic of the era of the dot-com boom. Although the lab gets the bulk of its $35 million annual budget from corporate and government sponsors, that amount has declined measurably as a percentage of the overall budget during the last decade, Dr. Negroponte said.
“Funding got tight in 2002 and even tighter in the last economic downturn,” he said. That has made fund-raising the highest priority for the new director, he said. However, he added that Mr. Ito’s particular leadership qualities made him stand out among the 250 candidates who were considered for the position.
“Joi is very good at enabling others,” he said. “I’ve never met a 44-year-old who is able to enable others in this way. Most people who are at that age are into themselves and their career.”
L. Rafael Reif, the provost of M.I.T., called Mr. Ito “the right person to lead the Media Lab today,” describing him as “an innovative thinker who understands the tremendous potential of technology and, in particular, the Internet, to influence education, business, and society in general.”
Mr. Ito’s colleagues minimize the fact that he is without academic credentials. “He has credibility in an academic context,” said Lawrence Lessig, a professor at Harvard Law School who co-founded Creative Commons. Mr. Ito is currently chairman. “We’ve been collaborators, and I’ve stolen many ideas from him and turned them into my own.”
The Media Lab will benefit from a director who has Mr. Ito’s global connections, said John Seely Brown, former director of Xerox’s Palo Alto Research Center. “What they really need right now is to have a two-way connection to the outside world. Who more to do that than Joi?”
There were no Japanese soldiers of such a young age.
Why do you apologize for the thing if it wasn't true? The thing which is making complicating is that the Chinese government is promoting hatred towards the Japanese government as a propaganda and is exaggerating the results.
Do you really believe the claims of the country which has the Great Firewall? Do you really believe the country which the government is officially producing anti Japanese movies? Do you believe the country which hides the Tiananmen Square Incident and the ongoing killings of the people in Tibet and Xinjiang?
There are suspicions of the claims and the numbers coming from such country.