lambda

Hmm. Some interesting data, but it doesn't really cover anything like the full "pipeline", which goes past the PhD to postdocs and then to faculty positions. And of course, that's only covering academic exits, while going into industry is another avenue, and there has been no analysis of whether the pipeline from bachelors to industry has been leaky in STEM fields.

Now, hitting a cap on the percentage of people entering the "pipeline" does mean that there's only so much effect that the "leaky pipeline" could have. The self-selection that happens even upon entering a bachelor's program is a pretty large factor, which needs to be studied; is it due to differences at the high school level? Difference in perceived job prospects, perhaps due to problems further down the pipeline like postdoc and tenure positions? Even if the pipeline is only getting a small percentage of women up front, it's possible that feedback from further down the line is what is causing that disparity.

Anyhow, it is good to have some concrete numbers on at least this portion of the pipeline, to inform where efforts should be spent. It sounds like the bachelors to PhD portion was fairly leaky in the past, so efforts to improve that have helped, but now effort would be better spent on looking at other aspects of the system.

I'm not sure there necessarily is a "consensus" on HN.

However, in general, people feel that you shouldn't take a very large salary cut just for a few options. Most startups are not going to have a significant exit. Some (like Zynga), will manage to find a way of screwing you out of options if they do have a substantial exit. Only a few will have options that have a very large upside.

So, if your options only add up to some very small percentage of the company, they shouldn't be given in lieu of a very large amount of salary. Sure, you're working on something exciting at a startup and there is some potential upside, so maybe take a 10% salary cut and a few options to compensate for it. But don't take a 50% salary cut (or a 100% cut, where you're only paid in options), and look at your options and say "it's worth it because these have a chance of being worth millions."

In some cases, yes, but there is a lot of it that has diverged in the years since. In the case of Go, while it originated in China, it really flourished in Japan and the Japanese developed it a lot further, up through the beginning of the 20th century.

Throughout the 20th century, Go has gotten a lot bigger in China and Korea (where it is known as weiqi and baduk, respectively), and they are now generally favored in international matches, but before then, the Japanese were quite dominant.

As far as other pieces of culture, yes, the roots of a lot of Japanese culture come from Chinese culture. But they have had thousands of years to become distinct; calling them just "re-packaged ancient Chinese wisdom" is pretty dismissive. It is good to recognize the roots, and sometimes the Japanese themselves are a bit xenophobic about that, not recognizing those things that developed from the Chinese, but dismissing their entire culture as re-packaged Chinese culture is equally rude.

Sure, but it's been played in Japan for over 1000 years, which is plenty long enough to have developed "ancient Japanese wisdom".

It is a feature that it caches your authentication for a few minutes. It's not a feature that other processes running as your user, such as something that manages to do a sandbox escape in your browser, are also able to acquire credentials.

Yeah, the difference with the disk full alert and the alarm is that the alarm is emitting a very obnoxious noise continuously while you're trying to debug it; and in the meantime, not actually providing a useful service, like the server is. Trying to debug a problem at 3 AM when you just want to go back to sleep because there isn't anything actually wrong, just faulty alarm hardware, is not nearly so useful as clearing out some space on a full disk when it is in active operation.

Mmm, no. If the four largest mining pools go for it, but the various exchanges and online wallets do not, then you get a very dangerous fork where you now have two separate currencies, and have the possibility of double spends. The nodes that are not updated to allow these larger block will keep on going along with their chain, just rejecting the other chain as invalid; and the ones that do accept the larger blocks will probably see their chain as longer and so only accept that one. That fork means that until all of the online wallets, exchanges, and anyone accepting Bitcoin directly realize that there are now two different currencies, all kinds of fun can be had with double spending.

Here's a good video demonstrating a similar experience:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BpsMkLaEiOY

It is amazing how many of his attempts to silence them fail, until he finally gives up and packs them away in multiple coolers in his garage to insulate away the noise.

There's also https://github.com/BurntSushi/xsv which is fairly similar in how it works to Miller, though it can also index a CSV file and then future operation will be sped up by utilizing the index.

> "all women get catcalled"

Which one of these videos did that quote come from? I haven't watched them all, but I didn't see it in the few that I watched.

> So what about the women who have an entirely different kind of experience?

Just because some women have different experiences doesn't mean that there aren't real problems that other women face.

For instance, if I have never been a victim of mugging, that doesn't mean that mugging is still not a problem. And hey, I live in a city; so should I say that we should stop talking about problems with urban violence just because I haven't personally been subjected to it?

> I don't want to be a brat, but what is the possible overlap between people caring to use Tor (for whatever reason) and people using Windows 10 as the host OS ?

Journalists.

There are many journalists who need to cover sensitive topics, who are not particularly technically literate. They need to be able to buy a system off the shelf, do some minimal and easy amount of installation of privacy protection, and be reasonably confident that it will work and they will not be outing their sources to whatever particular despot is listing in.

Of course, Tails is a better solution for that. But in terms of being able to allow them to do their job as easily as possible, it would be preferable for them to be able to install the Tor browser bundle on their existing OS rather than having to learn an entirely new one (and possibly dual boot in order to run some Windows-only software, and not keep it isolated well enough and thus leak information accidentally).

It apparently took a while to teach Glen Greenwald enough of how to use Tor and GPG in order for Snowden to be able to communicate with him. We need to make this process easier, not harder.

You seem to be arguing against a strawman. What math communities are closed communities of insiders? While it's true that many parts of math are fairly inaccessible to the beginner, that is more due to them relying on foundations built up on huge amounts of detail that you need to internalize before they all make sense, rather than any kind of "arcane handshakes" or "dismissive" attitudes.

Where are you getting that the math establishment is some kind of "frightened fascist state"? I have no idea what you're talking about here.

It's definitely neat that someone with no formal training outside of high school was able to come up with novel solutions to this problem. But I don't see the "fascist" community that you are arguing against trying to exclude anyone.

Opus was actually a similar combination of two codecs, CELT from Xiph.org and SILK from Skype.

So similarly, there are now two projects, Daala from Xiph and Thor from Cisco, which are both preliminary but being worked on in the same group, so hopefully the best parts can be taken from each to produce a new, better open codec.

adware is a type of malware.

The "or the like" was the end of the list of ways in which you could model the divergence between Unix time and the number of SI seconds between January 1st 1970 UTC and the present.

One way of modelling it is as saying that seconds in Unix time all have the same length, that differs by some factor from SI seconds, though that factor changes every time a leap second is introduced.

Another way is to say that seconds don't all have constant length; some seconds have a different length than the rest of the seconds (like those in the hour or day leading up to a leap second, or even just that the one second before the leap second is twice as long as a regular second).

The "or the like" was just a hedge against other possible ways of describing this divergence that I hadn't described in that one quick sentence.

Pretending that leap seconds don't exist is all well and good if you have a completely closed system, but as soon as you try to synchronize with or compare timestamps with UTC, you'll start running into problems.

Unix time is awful, since converting it to UTC is a real pain, as it doesn't count leap seconds which are included in UTC (thus, some seconds in Unix time are longer than others, or all of them are longer than standard SI seconds and the exact length fluctuates based on the introduction of leap seconds, or the like).

I think the main thing to remember is that dates and times have very different semantics when used for different purposes.

If you are referring to an instant in time, then just using UTC is reasonable. If you are referring to a past event and both the local time and precise instant are relevant, then the local time with a timezone offset is reasonable. If you are scheduling events on a calendar, however, like "8 AM every monday for the next four weeks", then yes, you need to store the abstract time zone name so that the calendar program can translate each instance of that schedule to the appropriate instant.

Yeah, I got that you were agreeing about the word "criminal"; it just sounded like you were objecting to her using the term "criminal" for her treatment as well, and I was pointing out that since this is one of the few ways in which a civil offense can lead to detention, that that's actually not as bad a characterization as I think you were making it out to be.

Anyhow, sounds like on the real issue as opposed to arguing semantics, we're in fairly strong agreement. This immigration system is baroque, inhumane, inefficient, and the results actually run counter to what the system is supposed to be doing.

I wouldn't presume anything. There are lots of reasons this could have happened, and not just due to lying on the application. Perhaps they had not been denied the J-1, but were just having trouble meeting all of the requirements in time; a J-1 visa requires a whole lot of paperwork, including from sponsoring organizations, and if some of that was taking longer than expected and may not have been done in time, they may have just thought "oh, we can do the ESTA and stay for 90 days with no visa, during which we can work this out", when in fact that is not allowed.

Actually, I can't think of many other civil offenses that warrant detention; so it is somewhat out of place that a civil offense such as using the wrong type of travel authorization by accident results in treatment that is generally reserved for people who have (or are suspected to have, with reasonable suspicion) committed a criminal act. Complaining about treatment that is generally reserved for criminals, or those strongly suspected of being criminals, for a simple bureaucratic error, is a fairly reasonable complaint.

This whole situation occurred because a convenience feature, which allows you to do a fully automated system to get an approval to board a plane to the US, didn't actually properly check for the legality of entering, so they were only ever determined to be using the wrong type of authorization once they had already arrived, leaving no choice but to detain them at the airport in order to deport them. And this is a pretty crappy situation; a very difficult to navigate bureaucracy, that seems to offer a convenience feature to allow an easy way around it, and then makes you waste a flight and be detained for a day just to be flown back again because you're not an expert on the intricacies of immigration law, is a pretty crappy system.

I agree that some of her rhetoric may have been a bit over the top, but it is a pretty awful situation to have been put in, and it seems like there would be much, much more efficient and humane ways of working around it.

> She was treated like a criminal (ignoring the fact that she was, in fact, a criminal, accidentally or not).

No. Simply making a mistake on a visa application is not a crime, nor is overstaying a visa. It counts as "Unlawful Presence", which is a civil offense; in order to rise to the level of a crime, it must be "Improper Entry", which involves crossing somewhere other than a designated border crossing, deliberately lying on application forms, or the like.

One thing that people really need to be aware of in immigration law is the difference between an unlawful act and a crime. Lots of rhetoric about immigration talks about how people are already criminals for being in the country undocumented, when in fact they have violated no criminal statues, merely civil.

Actually, I think that this may not have even constituted unlawful presence; since the author was not yet technically in the country until exiting the airport, she was essentially just turned away at the border (with a brief detention for practical reasons). Note that I am not a lawyer, and not all that familiar with immigration laws, so take my interpretation with a grain of salt; but I am certain that there's a very big difference between civil and criminal violations, and committing a civil violation does not make one a criminal.

I wouldn't characterize the way he was acting as seeming drunk. Rather, he seemed animated, probably because this is stuff he so deeply cares about.

And for anyone who's not familiar, rapeseed oil is sold as canola oil in the US and Canada.

Why wouldn't you be running TextSecure?

Because moderate social pressure can be a good way to change habits? If you regularly see people drinking soda on a daily basis and hear nothing against it, it's a lot easier to fall into the habit. If you hear about people who stopped drinking soda and don't miss it, it might inspire you to do the same.

I'm not saying that no one should ever drink soda; just that more moderation should be encouraged, people should start treating it as a choice that you should make as a responsible adult and use in moderation, like caffeine or alcohol, rather than a default that everyone does starting as a kid and continues doing whenever they feel like.

> Because it is "okay". Why do people think it's okay to tell others what is okay?

Culturally, we consider coffee and alcohol to be things that should generally only be consumed by adults, and in moderation. Alcohol we have serious laws about; coffee not as much, but I know very few parents who would feed their children coffee on a regular basis.

However, we have no such cultural taboo about sugary drinks, despite the increasing amount of research showing that they are actually much more problematic when consumed regularly than caffeine or alcohol consumed in moderation.

What I'm saying is that culturally, we need to shift away from thinking that sweets are something that should be consumed on a daily basis. Based on my personal experience, avoiding having sweet drinks on a daily basis can help you lose your sweet tooth; and thus be less compelled to consume more of other sweet things.

Having cut out soda, I find I have a lower tolerance for sweet food in general. I'm less likely to order sweet and sour chicken, or foods that are glazed, or things with barbecue sauce, or honey-mustard dressings or dips. I have desserts less often, and when I do, split them more ways.

As others have pointed out in this thread, most people have a sense that feeding caffeine or alcohol to kids is a bad idea; and even as adults, that they are things that should be consumed in moderation. They don't have coffee available in the school cafeteria. However, most people have no such sense about sugar, giving kids juice boxes, chocolate milks, and putting soda machines in schools for them to buy whenever they have a little extra allowance left over.

While sugar-free soda is probably an improvement over soda with sugar in it, it still leaves you with that sweet tooth, and you're more likely to subconsciously keep consuming sugars in other forms.

> Why do people think that it's OK to allow kids to drink coffee?

Actually, most people I know don't consider coffee to be an acceptable drink to give to kids; but they don't think twice of serving them soda with the same amount of caffeine, or just lots of sugary drinks like non-caffeinated sodas, sweetened juices, "low fat chocolate milk" (as if the fat, rather than the sugar, is the problem there), etc.

> In fact, why do people think that drinking coffee is something that anyone must do?

Caffeine (and the various forms it's consumed in, like coffee or tea) has both health benefits and health risks. As far as I can tell, based on all of the data I have seen, sugary drinks are much, much worse for you.

Why do people think that it's OK to allow kids to drink soda? In fact, why do people think that drinking soda is something that anyone must do?

I used to drink soda. Gave it up many years ago. Have not missed it. Have much less of a sweet tooth now; don't eat desserts very often, and when I do, a very small portion is plenty. I think giving up soda helped with that.

If I want a caffeinated beverage, I drink coffee, black or with cream but no sugar. If I want a cool, carbonated beverage, I drink beer (which has most of its sugar fermented out; still has some calories, but not nearly so sweet). If I just need to be rehydrated, I drink water.

It seems to me that so many people have this idea that sugary drinks, whether in the form of soda, sweet juices, sports drinks, and so on, but drinking those on a regular basis is a fairly new thing that I don't thin our bodies are well adapted for.

Cutting out sugars via drinks are some of the easiest empty carbs to cut out of your diet.

Most likely because their "C++ developers by platform" statistic does not include an "other" category, while there are actually developers working on platforms than Windows, OS X, or Linux (such as Solaris, BSD, etc). Since they didn't include an "other" category but the numbers add up to 100%, they probably just left out people who didn't respond to that question; thus in fact, in their sample, the number of Windows developers is probably less than 36%.

Another thing to note is the sources of information used for these statistics, including their own user surveys. These aren't necessarily accurate for the industry as a whole, but rather represent a particular sample, which happens to include their own existing users, people on Reddit, people sharing code on GitHub, etc.