240 karma · joined July 17, 2020
At higher energies (>GeV) depending on the interaction type (whether a W-boson or a Z-boson is exchanged), a charged lepton comes out, which can be an electron, muon or tau (the tau decays very fast) and this is the same as the neutrino flavor. Or a hadronic shower if a nucleon is hit.
Of course it's always more complicated than that: for lower energies (sub-GeV) you get resonance scattering, where the nucleus will emit a meson (quark-anti-quark particle), or deep-inelastic scattering, where the nucleus is broken up and hadronic particles create a cascade of more particles.
Edit: see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_shower for more on these cascades. It's a bit bare-bone, I don't have a nice reference right now.
Source: I work in one of the physics labs that is pushing ET.